2010 21 Mar

How Rose Oil Is Produced

The scent of real roses is one of the most popular scents for perfume. Usually, it is assumed that Arab chemists found the way of producing perfume oils from rose petals. Rose oil requires a high price, as it is a very hard work to extract. The collecting of the buds is performed by hand on special time and oil and scent extracts from the petals are made the same day. To make just an ounce of oil, you need pounds of rose petals. So, how is the rose scent applied in fragrances made?

There are three effective methods of extracting oil out of the rose petals
• Extraction by steam distilling
• Extraction by a solvent
• Extraction via superficial carbon dioxide

With the solvent extraction method the rose petals are mixed in a tube or vat with a kind of solvent such as hexane for example. The hexane helps to draw out the sent of rose and acts like pigments or wax. A vacuum process removes the Hexane and leaves a thick substance resembling wax. It is called Concentrate in the perfume terminology. Alcohol is put through the concentrate which draws out the scent part only. This alcohol mixture dissolves under low pressure, leaving the pure scent extract. It is called Rose Absolute. This is an expensive method of scent extraction.

Extracting scents by steam distilling involves great stills filled with water and rose petals. The still is heated and water evaporates together with rose oil and into a condenser, where the condensate is released into a container. Then the water is drained off from the oil and very concentrated oil remains. The drained off water is distilled again to remove alcohols or water soluble oils existing in the water. There is also one way to make a combination extraction-distillation of the water remained. These water soluble components are mixed with the original concentrated oil to get the final oil product that is called Rose Otto Attar. Rose Otto consists of about 80% of the water soluble products, 20% of the concentrated oil. When it is used in perfumes, it is diluted heavily. It has an olive green and pale yellow color and crystallizes at room temperature. Bulgaria is a famous producer of Rose Otto.

The carbon dioxide extraction method is the most expensive one and the price of your fragrance can prove that. Carbon dioxide which is a gas at normal pressures is put under pressure until it liquefies. The Rose petals are mixed with liquid carbon dioxide and heated at very low temperatures. The rest of the procedure is the same as the common solvent extraction method. When normal pressure is restored to the carbon dioxide it turns back into gas and leaves the aroma extract behind.

The process of making and buying pure rose oils should be followed by a quality control.

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